Áreas protegidas
Buscador de literatura
Resultados: 69
Titulo:
«Turismo de naturaleza y desarrollo comunitario sustentable, desde la perspectiva de los gestores del parque nacional la tigra, honduras «
Autor:
Vásquez, N.; Arroyo, L.; Martínez, O.
Fecha de publicación:
2017
Idioma:
Español
País: Honduras
Resumen:
| El análisis del turismo de naturaleza como herramienta de desarrollo sustentable se aborda en este trabajo desde la perspectiva comunitaria, para lo cual se estudia a las comunidades de Jutiapa, en el Parque Nacional La Tigra (PNLT), localizada en Honduras desde la visión de los gestores del PNLT. La metodología empleada fue de tipo cualitativo, a través del método etnográfico, con base en el modelo de desarrollo comunitario; la recolección de información incluyó observación no participativa dentro de las comunidades, fichas de información y entrevistas a informantes clave. Los resultados destacan las acciones de la gestión en cuanto a la zona de estudio y el turismo de naturaleza; asimismo, se hacen evidentes los conflictos en lo territorial y las cuestiones negativas y positivas en lo socio-cultural, ecológico, económico y político. Se reconoce la débil articulación local para el desarrollo comunitario, sin embargo se identifican los elementos básicos para construir propuestas futuras que acercarían a la comunidad de Jutiapa al desarrollo comunitario sustentable. |
Temas principales:
Áreas protegidas Ecoturismo
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Titulo:
«What policies improve forest cover? A systematic review of research from Mesoamerica»
Autor:
Min-Venditti, A.; Moore, G.; Fleischman, F.
Fecha de publicación:
2017
Idioma:
Ingles
País: Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, México, Panamá
Resumen:
| Despite many studies of the drivers of deforestation, few syntheses have been conducted of the effect of public policies on forest cover. This is problematic because policy is the primary tool that society can use to change outcomes, yet we lack information on the conditions which lead to successful policies. To address this deficiency, we conduct a meta-analysis of case studies of the impact of public policy on deforestation and reforestation in Central America and Mexico, drawing on a set of 159 studies. This region has recently experienced high rates of forest cover change and is well studied, providing a strong sampling frame. For each study, we record the reported change in forest cover, along with the scale and location of the study, the types of policy evaluated, and other relevant information. Some policy types are strongly associated with positive or negative forest impacts, though important gaps remain in our understanding. Nearly all studies of payment for ecosystem services in- dicate an association between payments and improvements in forest cover (88% of cases), however this evidence derives from only two countries (Mexico and Costa Rica), both of which have more clearly defined property rights and stronger governmental institutions than other countries in the region, raising questions about gen- eralizability. Community-based management is associated with positive impacts on forest cover in 81% of cases, whereas protected areas are associated with positive impacts in 66% of cases. Studies of social and agricultural policies were rarer and more likely to be associated with negative outcomes. Agricultural subsidies were asso- ciated with negative forest outcomes in 86% of cases, raising the possibility that reducing agricultural subsidies could be an effective strategy for improving forest cover. Most studies do not adequately identify either causal effects or the mechanisms associated with policy change, and few studies examine interactions between policy types. The results of this review imply that, while some policies are more likely to make positive contributions than others, policymakers should remain cautious about the body of evidence supporting the effectiveness of policies for reducing deforestation. |
Temas principales:
Áreas protegidas Compensación por servicios ecosistémicos (PSA/REDD+) Conservación forestal Funcionamiento interno de Empresas Forestales Comunitarias Políticas públicas
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Titulo:
A New Conservation and Development Frontier: Community Protected Areas in Oaxaca, Mexico.
Autor:
Bray, D.; Duran, E.; Anta, S.; Martin, G.; Mondragón, F.
Fecha de publicación:
2008
Idioma:
Ingles
País: México
Resumen:
| «Most protected areas in the world are inhabited by people. Recent figures suggest that around 11.5% of the global terrestrial area is under some form of protection but about 90% of these protected areas are in IUCN categories III-VI that allow degrees of human presence and use. In addition, some 11% of forests globally have been devolved to local communities to varying degrees by governments. Thus, the vast majority of protected areas in the world have human presence in them, although frequently with unclear rights to forests and their products when they are present.» |
Temas principales:
Áreas protegidas Conservación forestal
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Titulo:
Análisis de las instituciones de gobernanza multi-escala para la acción colectiva de conservación de la biodiversidad en La Chinantla, Oaxaca.
Autor:
Molina, O.
Fecha de publicación:
2011
Idioma:
Español
País: México
Resumen:
| El enfoque de Gobernanza Multi-escala para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad (GMCB) es una perspectiva teórico-practica que busca integrar las teorías de acción colectiva y capital social, a los estudios de biología de la conservación. A partir del enfoque GMCB esta tesis analiza el surgimiento y las instituciones de acción colectiva de una organización indígena intercomunitaria en el Estado de Oaxaca, México: el Comité de Recursos Naturales de la Chinantla Alta A.C. (CORENCHI). Mediante la investigación documental y la aplicación de entrevistas semi-estructuradas se elaboró un estudio de caso en el que se muestra que las comunidades integrantes de CORENCHI tenían antecedentes de haber conformado organizaciones intercomunitarias para la comercialización de café. El subsecuente surgimiento de CORENCHI y su estructura institucional fue resultado de un proceso histórico de confianza entre estas comunidades y agentes externos interesados en la conservación. La conformación de CORENCHI ha significado el establecimiento de bases institucionales de gobernanza a escala intercomunitaria, para la conservación de los recursos naturales. Estas instituciones están contenidas principalmente en el Ordenamientos Territoriales Comunitarios, los Estatutos Comunales y las Áreas de Conservación Comunitaria. |
Temas principales:
Áreas protegidas
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Titulo:
Are indigenous territories effective natural climate solutions? A neotropical analysis using matching methods and geographic discontinuity designs
Autor:
Alejo, C.; Meyer, C.;Walker, W.; Gorelik, S.; Josse, C.; Aragon-Osejo, J.; Rios, S.; Augusto, C.; Llanos, A.; Coomes, O.; Potvin C.
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Idioma:
Ingles
País: Panamá
Resumen:
| Indigenous Territories (ITs) with less centralized forest governance than Protected Areas (PAs) may represent cost-effective natural climate solutions to meet the Paris agreement. However, the literature has been limited to examining the effect of ITs on deforestation, despite the influence of anthropogenic degradation. Thus, little is known about the temporal and spatial effect of allocating ITs on carbon stocks dynamics that account for losses from deforestation and degradation. Using Amazon Basin countries and Panama, this study aims to estimate the temporal and spatial effects of ITs and PAs on carbon stocks. To estimate the temporal effects, we use annual carbon density maps, matching analysis, and linear mixed models. Furthermore, we explore the spatial heterogeneity of these estimates through geographic discontinuity designs, allowing us to assess the spatial effect of ITs and PAs boundaries on carbon stocks. The temporal effects highlight that allocating ITs preserves carbon stocks and buffer losses as well as allocating PAs in Panama and Amazon Basin countries. The geographic discontinuity designs reveal that ITs’ boundaries secure more extensive carbon stocks than their surroundings, and this difference tends to increase towards the least accessible areas, suggesting that indigenous land use in neotropical forests may have a temporarily and spatially stable impact on carbon stocks. Our findings imply that ITs in neotropical forests support Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. Thus, Indigenous peoples must become recipients of countries’ results-based payments. |
Temas principales:
Áreas protegidas Cambio climático Deforestación
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Titulo:
Beneficios socioeconómicos de las familias que pertenecen a las concesiones forestales comunitarias en Petén, Guatemala
Autor:
Corzo, A.; Figueroa, I.; Rodríguez, D.
Fecha de publicación:
2017
Idioma:
Español
País: Guatemala
Resumen:
| Las concesiones forestales comunitarias creadas en la década de 1990 son una estrategia de conservación en la Reserva de la Biósfera Maya. La evidencia de monitoreo de la cobertura boscosa indica un impacto positivo en la conservación de los bosques. Para identificar si el impacto positivo también se refleja en el bienestar socioe-conómico de los concesionarios, se hizo un estudio con 1229 hogares de miembros concesionarios y un grupo de comparación no concesionario. El estudio analiza el impacto socioeconómico a nivel de hogar de la pertenencia a los grupos concesionarios en comparación con grupos sin concesión. La evidencia indica que si bien el efecto no es muy grande los grupos que pertenecen a las concesiones tienen mayor ingreso, mejores condiciones de hogar, acceso a servicios de salud, mayor acceso a educación y percepciones sobre los recursos naturales y su conser-vación más afines a la teoría conservacionista. Pese a que hay diferencias socioeconómicas a favor de las conce-siones, el acceso a esos beneficios es menor en las concesiones que se encuentran dentro de la Reserva que en los grupos concesionarios urbanos viviendo fuera de ella. Si se desea garantizar los beneficios de las concesiones, es necesario no solo focalizarse en el aspecto forestal, sino también mejorar los procesos sociales, económicos y administrativos. |
Temas principales:
Áreas protegidas Conservación forestal Desarrollo Económico
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Titulo:
Beyond harvests in the commons: Multi-scale governance and turbulence in indigenous/community conserved areas in Oaxaca, Mexico.
Autor:
Bray, D.; Duran, E.; Molina González, O.
Fecha de publicación:
2012
Idioma:
Ingles
País: México
Resumen:
| Some important elements of common property theory include a focus on individual communities or user groups, local level adjudication of conflicts, local autonomy in rule making, physical harvests, and low levels of articulation with markets. We present a case study of multi-scale collective action around indigenous/community conserved areas (ICCAs) in Oaxaca, Mexico that suggests a modification of these components of common property theory. A multi-community ICCA in Oaxaca demonstrates the importance of inter-community collective action as key link in multi-scale governance that conflicts are often negotiated in multiple arenas, that rules emerge at multiple scales, and that management for conservation and environmental services implies no physical harvests. Realizing economic gains from ICCAs for strict conservation may require something very different than traditional natural resource management. It requires intense engagement with extensive networks of government and civil society actors and new forms of community and intercommunity collection action, or multi-scale governance. Multi-scale governance is built on trust and social capital at multiple scales and also constitutes collective action at multiple scales. However, processes of multi-scale governance are also necessarily “turbulent” with actors frequently having conflicting values and goals to be negotiated. The study presents an analytic history of the process of emergence of community and inter-community collective action around strict conservation and examples of internal and external turbulence. It argues that this case study and other literature requires an extensions of the constitutive elements of common property theory. |
Temas principales:
Áreas protegidas Conservación forestal Organización de segundo nivel Participación y representación
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Titulo:
Beyond Nature Appropriation: Towards Post-development Conservation in the Maya Forest.
Autor:
Martínez-Reyes, J.
Fecha de publicación:
2014
Idioma:
Ingles
País: México
Resumen:
| The establishment of biosphere reserves in Mexico was followed by alternative livelihood conservation/development projects to integrate indigenous groups into Western style conservation under the idea of sustainable development and participation. In this paper, I discuss the outcomes of two forest wildlife management projects in one Maya community along the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve in the state of Quintana Roo. Both projects ultimately failed and the community mobilised and expelled the NGO from the community. I argue that the failure of these projects involved two dynamics: 1) lack of coherence between the objectives of state agencies, conservation NGOs, and the local community; and 2) unequal ethnic relations, reproducing relations of colonial inequality and dictating how indigenous groups can participate in managing a territory for conservation. If collaboration and local participation are key in conservation management programs, these case studies suggest that greater institutional accountability and community autonomy are needed to make the practice of conservation more democratic and participatory. The expulsion of the NGO as a conservation and development broker also opened the space for, and possibilities of, post-development conservation practice that challenges the normalising expectations of Western biodiversity conservation. |
Temas principales:
Áreas protegidas
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Titulo:
Biodiversity conservation discourses. A case study on scientists and government authorities in Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve, Mexico.
Autor:
Durand, L.; Vásquez, B.
Fecha de publicación:
2011
Idioma:
Ingles
País: México
Resumen:
| Aiming to explore the relationship between natural protected areas operation and how conservation is logically described, this paper analyzes the discourses that government authorities and scientists developed on conservation and social participation in Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve. Our results indicate that conservation is understood as the intent to keep nature with the lowest possible level of human interference, as its main strategies are: to eliminate inhabitant’s unawareness about nature and to reinforce environmental legislation and inspection. Social participation was acknowledged as essential in reserve management, but local inhabitants, even when recognized as important actors, were excluded from the reserve co-administration scheme and mainly regarded as the beneficiaries of already designed projects. In order to achieve SHBR environmental and social goals, it is necessary to modify authorities’ comprehension of social participation toward a process that supports social change by empowering NPA inhabitants and transforming them into political actors. |
Temas principales:
Áreas protegidas Conservación forestal Participación y representación
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Titulo:
Biodiversity conservation, traditional agriculture and ecotourism: Land cover/land use change projections for a natural protected area in the northeastern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.
Autor:
García-Frapolli, E.; Ayala-Orozco, B.; Bonilla-Moheno, M.; Espadas-Manrique, C.; Ramos-Fernández, G.
Fecha de publicación:
2007
Idioma:
Ingles
País: México
Resumen:
| In addition to preserving ecosystems and biodiversity, natural protected areas (NPAs) in Mexico are homelands for people, largely indigenous, who traditionally base their resource management on a multiple use strategy. We analyzed land use and land cover changes in the Otoch Ma’ax Yetel Kooh NPA in the northeastern Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, where Yucatec Maya recently incorporated ecotourism to their set of economic activities. We evaluated changes in land use using vegetation maps from 1999 to 2003 and predicted vegetation cover in 2011 by developing a cellular automata and Markovian chains model. We observed slight increases in the area covered by medium stages of secondary succession, while new milpa plots appeared in areas of all succession stages. We used three scenarios to predict land cover in 2011: (a) milpa agriculture implemented at the same rate; (b) milpa agriculture decreases due to the growing demand of ecotourism; and (c) milpa agriculture disappears due to parceling of communally owned land. All scenarios predict slight increases in the area covered by secondary succession at the expense of milpas or younger stages of succession, with no major differences between the three predictive scenarios. Our results provide guidelines for managing the NPA, suggesting that biodiversity conservation, traditional agriculture and ecotourism are compatible activities. |
Temas principales:
Áreas protegidas Conservación forestal
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Titulo:
Biodiversity is diversity in use: Community-based conservation in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve.
Autor:
Haenn, N.
Fecha de publicación:
2000
Idioma:
Ingles
País: México
Resumen:
| During the early and mid-1990s, the buffer zone of Mexico’s Calakmul Biosphere Reserve in Campeche state (see Map 1) was home to a pervasive program of integrated conservation-development. Because these projects saw high levels of local participation, Calakmul attracted the interest of Mexican and international environmentalists who saw the region as an example of the possibilities for community-based conservation. This paper outlines the content of those programs as well as challenges to their success. In particular, the paper describes how a government-farmer relationship built on patronage and land distribution is at odds with conservation programs that take land out of the agricultural base and anticipate a sustainable economy that has yet to develop. The desire for land is an enduring, politicized issue in Calakmul. This issue is so strong that government authorities have not been able to enforce changes in the Mexican constitution (Article 27) that ended the distribution of farm lands. These constitutional changes took place in 1991, and since that time, authorities have created two new farm communities in Calakmul in order to protect the Reserve from land invasions. |
Temas principales:
Áreas protegidas Certificación forestal Participación y representación
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Titulo:
By, For and Of the People: The Development of Two Community-Managed Protected Areas in Oaxaca, Mexico.
Autor:
Wilshusen, P.; Raleigh, L.; Rusell, V.
Fecha de publicación:
2002
Idioma:
Ingles
País: México
Resumen:
| This paper describes the development of two community-managed protected areas in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. Specifically, it focuses on the diverse factors that have allowed the community-based reserves initiatives to unfold and analyzes some of the social-institutional structures that communities have constructed for autochthonous management of land and resources. The information for this paper was gathered through institutional analysis employing semi-structured, open-ended interviews with administrators, manager-practitioners, local farmers, and community representatives from the Chimalapas and Sierra Juárez regions of Oaxaca. The results of this study support the conclusion that, given strong social institutions, local communities can successfully form management partnerships for forest conservation and autochthonous development. |
Temas principales:
Áreas protegidas Instituciones, valores y conocimiento tradicional / Ancestral
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Titulo:
Can Indigenous Knowledge Contribute to the Sustainability Management of the Aspiring Rio Coco Geopark, Nicaragua?
Autor:
Pásková, M.
Fecha de publicación:
2018
Idioma:
Ingles
País: Nicaragua
Resumen:
| Indigenous knowledge in the UNESCO Global Geoparks represents an important emerging research topic. This study investigates aspects of the indigenous environmental knowledge in the southern part of the aspiring Rio Coco Geopark (Nicaragua) and its potential to enhance the sustainability management of geotourism and other geopark activities. The ethnographic method has been implemented in the form of semi-structured interviewing of the representatives of local households and through the application of participant observation. Related field research methods included documentation of the life history of Elders, focal group discussions, GPS mapping, photo-documentation, and problem tree analysis. The results indicate that the best-conserved indigenous environmental knowledge relates to the use of land, rocks, and plants, while the expression and transmission of the spiritual dimension of this traditional knowledge are declining. The key implications of the observed indigenous knowledge for the geopark decision-makers include the identified potential for its sustainability management, geotourism and geo-interpretation opportunities, as well as the conditions for the implementation of this potential. |
Temas principales:
Áreas protegidas Ecoturismo Instituciones, valores y conocimiento tradicional / Ancestral
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Titulo:
Cognisance, participation and protected areas in the Yucatan Peninsula.
Autor:
Ruiz-Mallén, I; Newing, H; Porter-Bolland, L.; Pritchard, D.; Garcia-Frapolli, E.; Méndez-López, M.; Sánchez-Gonzalez, M; De La Peña, A; Reyes-Garcia, V.
Fecha de publicación:
2014
Idioma:
Ingles
País: México
Resumen:
| Local people’s involvement in the management of conservation initiatives is central to ongoing debates on the relative merits of distinct biodiversity conservation models. Since different governance models provide distinct opportunities for local people to participate in the management of protected areas, their knowledge of these governance models and motivation to collaborate will vary. This paper analyses cognisance and participation in (1) government-imposed biosphere reserves and (2) community conservation areas, in which ecotourism projects take place. Qualitative and quantitative data (n = 205) were gathered in two indigenous communities in Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Whereas local cognisance of community-driven conservation initiatives is not always greater than cognisance of government-imposed Biosphere Reserves, local participation is always greater. Cognisance of and participation in conservation initiatives depend on the management approach, extent of external resource support, and a community’s social organization. Gender and land holding status influence access to information about conservation initiatives, since men with land rights had more access than other people. More participatory mechanisms for decision-making and direct communication strategies between managers and local people are required to improve communities’ involvement in conservation. |
Temas principales:
Áreas protegidas Conservación forestal Participación y representación
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